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Heart Disease
Heart Disease: Keep Fit and Live Longer
If you go out of your way to eat a nutritious, balanced diet of whole foods and then add some insurance with a selection of vitamin and mineral supplements, all of your good efforts will be compromised if you don't address one more key element in your health regimen.
If you jumped ahead of me and guessed that I'm talking about exercise, you're half right. The key element: exercise capacity (EC).
Your chances of living a long and healthy life increase as your exercise capacity increases. This has been confirmed by a new study. Previous studies in this area have involved only men; this one was just for women.
Exercise is the key
Your exercise capacity is a measure of your fitness level. In simplest terms, if you exercise regularly, your ability to exercise increases. In a 2003 study of EC in men, US researchers from Stanford University judged exercise capacity to be the most reliable predictor of lifespan.
Coincidentally, that study and the newest one were both published in the New England Journal of Medicine. The one that appears in last week's issue of the journal comes from Rush University Medical Center in Chicago (US) where more than 5,700 healthy women took stress tests to measure their metabolic equivalents, or METs. (One MET is equal to the amount of oxygen used by the average person when seated. Two METs roughly equates to walking at a rate of less than two miles per hour, while eight METs represents the oxygen used while jogging at a speed of six miles per hour.)
The Rush researchers also gave stress tests to more than 4,400 women who had symptoms of cardiovascular disease. Subjects in this group were followed for five years to determine survival rate, and subjects in the healthy group were followed for about eight years.
When the data was examined, the Rush team determined that women whose EC was measured at less than 85 percent for their age group were twice as likely to die prematurely compared to women of the same age whose EC was 85 percent or higher. This 85 percent cutoff was the same for both the healthy women and the women with heart disease.
In order to measure your METs and determine your exact EC you'll need to consult an exercise counsellor. Many gyms and health clubs have equipment that will display METs information.
But for our purposes let's keep it simple: When you exercise on a regular basis, your exercise EC goes up and risk of premature death goes down.
One step at a time
So do you need to run two miles each day and take an intensive aerobics class several times a week to improve exercise capacity?
No way.
In the 2003 study of exercise capacity in men, the Stanford researchers reported that even small improvements in EC reap substantial benefits. As the study's authors put it, 'Among subjects with cardiovascular disease...we observed a near linear reduction in risk with increasing levels of fitness.' In other words, each small step in the improvement of fitness, no matter how slight it may seem, may help prevent premature death.
Stanford researcher T. Edwin Atwood told CNN: 'It's not how long you exercise...It doesn't take marathons or running. Walking briskly every day for half an hour is a great risk modifier.'
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